In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that an accused receives a fair and impartial trial. In civil law, the legal rights of a person who is confronted with an adverse act that threatens liberty or property. The study of the law and the structure of the legal system A court decision in a previous case with facts and questions of law similar to a trial currently pending in court. Judges generally “follow precedents,” that is, they use principles established in previous cases to decide new cases that have similar facts and raise similar legal issues. A judge will disregard precedents if a party can prove that the previous case was ill-decided or that it differs significantly from the current case. All shares of ownership of the debtor at the time of bankruptcy. The estate technically becomes the temporary legal owner of all of the debtor`s assets. Written statements submitted to the court outlining a party`s legal or factual allegations about the case. “Preventive right”. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/preventive%20law. Retrieved 11 October 2022. The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States is based on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. Common law principles can be changed by statute.
A written statement filed in court or an appeal that explains a party`s legal and factual arguments. The legal power of a court to hear and decide a particular type of case. It is also used as a synonym for jurisdiction, i.e. the geographical area over which the court has territorial jurisdiction to rule on cases. An action brought by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a claim that the defendant failed to comply with a legal obligation that caused harm to the plaintiff. A full-time lawyer hired by federal courts to legally defend defendants who cannot afford a lawyer. The judiciary administers the Federal Defence Counsel Programme in accordance with criminal law. A legal procedure to deal with the debt problems of individuals and companies; in particular, a case filed under one of the chapters of title 11 of the United States Code. Governmental body empowered to settle disputes.
Judges sometimes use the term “court” to refer to themselves in the third person, as in “the court read the pleadings.” Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America`s largest dictionary with: The law as defined in previous court decisions. Synonymous with precedent. Similar to the common law, which stems from tradition and judicial decisions. Instructions from a judge to the jury before it begins deliberations on the substantive questions to be answered and the legislation to be applied. You must – there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you`re looking for one that is only included in the full Merriam-Webster dictionary. With respect to civil actions in “equity” and not in “law”. In English legal history, courts of “law” could order the payment of damages and could offer no other remedy (see damages). A separate “fairness” tribunal could order someone to do something or stop something (e.g., injunction).
In U.S. jurisprudence, federal courts have both legal and just power, but the distinction is always important. For example, a jury trial is generally available in “legal cases,” but not in “fairness” cases. Non-insolvency proceedings in which an applicant or creditor attempts to submit its claim to a debtor`s future wages. In other words, the creditor requests that part of the debtor`s future salary be paid to him for a debt owed to him. Latin, which means “in law”. Something that exists by law. A federal offense punishable by six months or less in jail.
An agreement between two or more people that creates an obligation to do or not do a particular thing. An action that prevents the subsequent filing of an identical action. A bankruptcy case filed either without a timetable or with incomplete schedules listing few creditors and debts. (Aluminum foil deposits are often made to delay an eviction or foreclosure The bankruptcy estate representative who exercises statutory powers, primarily in favor of unsecured creditors, under the general supervision of the court and the direct supervision of the U.S. trustee or receiver. A trustee is a person or partnership appointed in all cases under Chapters 7, 12 and 13 and, in some cases, Chapter 11. The trustee`s duties include reviewing the debtor`s application and schedules, as well as bringing actions against creditors or the debtor to recover assets from the bankruptcy estate. In Chapter 7, the trustee liquidates the assets of the estate and makes distributions to creditors. Chapter 12 and 13 trustees have similar obligations to a Chapter 7 trustee and the additional responsibilities of monitoring the debtor`s plan, receiving payments from debtors, and making plan payments to creditors.
The chapter of the Insolvency Code, which provides for the settlement of debts of a “family farmer” or “family fisher”, as defined in the Insolvency Act. Court approval, usually for law enforcement officers, to conduct a search or arrest. An insolvency reorganization, in which a company or partnership is usually involved. A Chapter 11 debtor generally proposes a reorganization plan to keep its business alive and pay its creditors over time. Natural or legal persons may also seek redress under Chapter 11. The formal decision of a court to finally settle the dispute between the parties to the dispute. A series of questions that the debtor must answer in writing, regarding sources of income, transfers of ownership, lawsuits by creditors, etc. (There is an official form that a debtor must use.) The legal classification of unsecured claims in the Insolvency Code, which determines the order in which unsecured claims are paid when there is not enough money to pay all unsecured claims in full. A lawyer appointed by the president in each judicial district to prosecute and defend cases for the federal government.
The U.S. Attorney employs a team of U.S. Assistant Prosecutors who act as government counsel in individual cases. A special court-imposed condition requires a person to stay home except for certain approved activities, such as work and doctor`s appointments. Home placement may include the use of electronic monitoring devices – a transmitter attached to the wrist or ankle – to ensure the person stays home as needed. A trial without a jury, in which the judge serves as an investigator. The judicial officer who supervises the administrative functions, in particular the management of the flow of cases by the court. The clerk`s office is often referred to as the central nervous system of a court. A person or company that files a formal complaint with the court. Imprisonment for two or more offences to be served simultaneously and not consecutively.
Example: Two five-year prison sentences and a three-year term if served at the same time result in a maximum of five years behind bars. These schools became affiliated universities, but never reached the importance of the University of Law. A debt secured by an asset that is worth less than the amount of debt. Legal advice; A term that is also used to refer to lawyers in a case. Whoever seeks the law will be fulfilled by it; And anyone who acts fraudulently will encounter a stumbling block.